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What are public and private IP addresses?

A public IP address is any IP address that is accessible via the Internet. There are certain ranges of IP addresses that are reserved as private IP IP Addresses. These cannot be reached via the Internet. These private IP addresses include:

10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.255 (reserved for local networks)
127.0.0.1 - 127.255.255.255 (loopback address and reserved for local networks)
172.16.0.1 - 172.16.255.255 (reserved for local networks)
192.168.0.1 - 192.168.255.255 (reserved for local networks)
169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 (reserved for automatic private addressing)